Frontmatter -- Contents -- Contributors -- Editor's acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Introduction: Languages of science in the eighteenth century / Gunnarsson, Britt-Louise -- Section 1. The forming of scientific communities -- Church, state, university, and the printing press: Conditions for the emergence and maintenance of autonomy of scientific publication in Europe / Bazerman, Charles -- Philology in the eighteenth century: Europe and Sweden / Gren-Eklund, Gunilla -- The Swedish Academy of Sciences: Language policy and language practice / Teleman, Ulf -- Section 2. The emergence of new languages of science -- Scientific literacy in eighteenth-century Germany / Schellenberg, Renata -- From vernacular to national language: Language planning and the discourse of science in eighteenth-century Sweden / Hannesdóttir, Anna Helga -- From Latin and Swedish to Latin in Swedish. On the early modern emergence of a professional vernacular variety in Sweden / Wollin, Lars -- Science and natural language in the eighteenth century: Buffon and Linnaeus / Sörman, Richard -- From theory of ideas to theory of succedaneum: The Linnaean botanical nomenclature(s) as "a point of view on the world" / Selosse, Philippe -- Section 3. The spread of scientific ideas -- Linnaeus's international correspondence. The spread of a revolution / Jönsson, Ann-Mari -- The influence of Carl Linnaeus on the Encyclopaedia Britannica of 1771 / Gläser, Rosemarie -- Linnaeus and the Siberian expeditions: Translating political empire into a kingdom of knowledge / Knoespel, Kenneth J. -- The introduction of the Linnaean classification of nature in Portugal / Costa, Palmira Fontes da -- Section 4. The development of scientific writing -- Linnaeus as a connecting link in Swedish language history / Ralph, Bo -- Calendar and aphorism: A generic study of Carl Linnaeus's Fundamenta Botanica and Philosophia Botanica / Chang, Han-Liang -- The reflective cultivator? Model readers in eighteenth-century Swedish garden literature / Nord, Andreas -- The linguistic construction of scientificality in early Swedish medical texts / Gunnarsson, Britt-Louise -- Eighteenth-century English medical texts and discourses on reproduction / Pahta, Päivi -- Subject index

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The eighteenth century is an important period both in the history of science and in the history of languages. Interest in science, and especially in the useful sciences, exploded and a new, modern approach to scientific discovery and the accumulation of knowledge emerged. It was during this century, too, that ideas on language and language practice began to change. Latin had been more or less the only written language used for scientific purposes, but gradually the vernaculars became established as fully acceptable alternatives for scientific writing. The period is of interest, moreover, from a genre-historical point of view. Encyclopedias, dictionaries and also correspondence played a key role in the spread of scientific ideas. At the time, writing on scientific matters was not as distinct from fiction, poetry or religious texts as it is today, a fact which also gave a creative liberty to individual writers. In this volume, seventeen authors explore, from a variety of angles, the construction of a scientific language and discourse. The chapters are thematically organized into four sections, each contributing to our understanding of this dynamic period in the history of science: their themes are the forming of scientific communities, the emergence of new languages of science, the spread of scientific ideas, and the development of scientific writing. A particular focus is placed on the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778). From the point of view of the natural sciences, Linnaeus is renowned for his principles for defining genera and species of organisms and his creation of a uniform system for naming them. From the standpoint of this volume, however, he is also of interest as an example of a European scientist of the eighteenth century. This volume is unique both in its broad linguistic approach - including studies on textlinguistics, stylistics, sociolinguistics, lexicon and nomenclature - and in its combination of language studies, philosophy of language, history and sociology of science. The book covers writing in different European languages: Swedish, German, French, English, Latin, Portuguese, and Russian. With its focus on the history of scientific language and discourse during a dynamic period in Europe, the book promises to contribute to new insights both for readers interested in language history and those with an interest in the history of ideas and thought.

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